Weakness, myalgia and tea-colored urine are the main clinical manifestations. Rhabdomyolysis is commonly associated with myoglobinuria, and if this is sufficiently severe it can result in ARF. Less common causes include muscle enzyme deficiencies, electrolyte abnormalities, infectious causes, drugs, toxins and endocrinopathies. Muscular trauma is the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis. The cause of rhabdomyolysis is usually easily identified however, in some instances the etiology is elusive. Rhabdomyolysis ranges from an asymptomatic illness with elevation in the creatine kinase (CK) level to a life-threatening condition associated with extreme elevations in CK, electrolyte imbalances, acute renal failure (ARF) and disseminated intravascular coagulation. This syndrome is characterized by muscle breakdown and necrosis resulting in the leakage of the intracellular muscle constituents into the circulation and extracellular fluid. Rhabdomyolysis means destruction or disintegration of striated muscle.
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